"Certainty born from Randomness"
The Monte Carlo method is an algorithm that uses random numbers to compute results. Named after the famous casino city, it was actually invented during the Manhattan Project to predict neutron behavior using chance.
By dropping random dots into a square, we can estimate Pi (π) by counting how many fall inside the inscribed circle. As the number of dots increases, the approximation gets closer to the real value. This is the Law of Large Numbers.
This method is powerful when exact formulas are too complex. Today, it is essential in fields like stock market prediction, AI (AlphaGo), and weather forecasting, where uncertainty exists.